英語中詞的省略現(xiàn)象很多。其目的是為了符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣和修辭特點(diǎn)。省略詞語決不是可以隨意增刪詞句,而是要必須遵循以下幾條原則:
1)可有可無的,或是多余的。
2)省略的詞義已經(jīng)體現(xiàn)在上下文中。
閱讀時(shí),必須根據(jù)上下文找出英語中省略的詞語翻譯時(shí)再根據(jù)漢語的習(xí)慣進(jìn)行適當(dāng)增補(bǔ)。
1.Fighting means killing,and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of setting their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side,and then saying that that side which has killed most has won.And not only has won,but,because it has won,has been in the right.
分析:介詞短語by seeing which side…前省略了setting their disputes。seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side與saying that that side which has killed most has won是介詞by后的兩個(gè)并列成分。
譯文:打仗意味著殘殺,。文明的民族應(yīng)該能夠找到某種解決爭端的方法,而不是通過看哪一方能消滅另一方更多的人,然后說殺人最多的一方獲勝來解決爭端。勝者不僅勝了,而且還因?yàn)閯倮欣怼?/p>
2.Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene,but how remains unknown.
分析:這是一個(gè)由but連接的并列句。其中第二個(gè)分句的主語是一個(gè)主語從句。由于該主語從句的主謂賓與第一個(gè)分句相同,所以被全部省略。只剩下疑問副詞how。
譯文:任何東西,從宇宙射線到輻射,以至日常飲食,都可能激活潛伏的致癌基因,但如何激活的,仍然不得而知。
3.Someone traveling alone,if hungry,injured,or ill,often had nowhere to turn expect to the nearest cabin or settlement.
分析:在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、讓步、方式狀語從句中,如果從句的主語與主句的主語相同(或?yàn)閕t),而從句的謂語又含有be(包括連系動(dòng)詞be和助動(dòng)詞be),則可以省略“主語+be”
英語中詞的省略現(xiàn)象很多。其目的是為了符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣和修辭特點(diǎn)。省略詞語決不是可以隨意增刪詞句,而是要必須遵循以下幾條原則:
1)可有可無的,或是多余的。
2)省略的詞義已經(jīng)體現(xiàn)在上下文中。
閱讀時(shí),必須根據(jù)上下文找出英語中省略的詞語翻譯時(shí)再根據(jù)漢語的習(xí)慣進(jìn)行適當(dāng)增補(bǔ)。
1.Fighting means killing,and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of setting their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side,and then saying that that side which has killed most has won.And not only has won,but,because it has won,has been in the right.
分析:介詞短語by seeing which side…前省略了setting their disputes。seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side與saying that that side which has killed most has won是介詞by后的兩個(gè)并列成分。
譯文:打仗意味著殘殺,。文明的民族應(yīng)該能夠找到某種解決爭端的方法,而不是通過看哪一方能消滅另一方更多的人,然后說殺人最多的一方獲勝來解決爭端。勝者不僅勝了,而且還因?yàn)閯倮欣怼?/p>
2.Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene,but how remains unknown.
分析:這是一個(gè)由but連接的并列句。其中第二個(gè)分句的主語是一個(gè)主語從句。由于該主語從句的主謂賓與第一個(gè)分句相同,所以被全部省略。只剩下疑問副詞how。
譯文:任何東西,從宇宙射線到輻射,以至日常飲食,都可能激活潛伏的致癌基因,但如何激活的,仍然不得而知。
3.Someone traveling alone,if hungry,injured,or ill,often had nowhere to turn expect to the nearest cabin or settlement.
分析:在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、讓步、方式狀語從句中,如果從句的主語與主句的主語相同(或?yàn)閕t),而從句的謂語又含有be(包括連系動(dòng)詞be和助動(dòng)詞be),則可以省略“主語+be”
8.You see,dear,I know that the stick-in-the-mud people are doing us a good turn and themselves a bad one by going back to secret trials and executions so soon,and I know that if you who are left stand together steadily and hit hard,you will see great things.
分析:這是并列復(fù)合句。主干結(jié)構(gòu)是I know that…and I know that…。兩個(gè)that引起兩個(gè)賓語從句。第一個(gè)賓語從句中省略了are doing themselves a bad turn。第二個(gè)賓語從句中有一個(gè)條件狀語從句。
譯文:你瞧,親愛的,我知道那些陷入泥潭的家伙,如此迫不及待地重新使用起秘密審訊和秘密處決的手段,這實(shí)際上是在幫我們的忙,而害了他們自己;我還知道,如果你們留下來的人能夠堅(jiān)定地團(tuán)結(jié)一致,給他們以狠狠的打擊,你們就會(huì)取得偉大的成就。
9.To get a description of direction along the line,we shall call the line on one side of the origin positive,on the other side negative.
分析:“to get…”不定式短語表示目的。on the other side前面省略了and we shall call the line,后面省略了of the origin。翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)把省略的部分補(bǔ)出來。
譯文:為了描述這條直線的方向,我們把位于原點(diǎn)一側(cè)的直線叫做正的,而把位于原點(diǎn)另一側(cè)的直線叫做負(fù)的。
10.When the media add interpretation and analysis,as they must to do their job fully,strong dislike of the messengers may become intense.
分析:as引導(dǎo)的從句說明when從句的內(nèi)容,可以說是從句的從句,翻譯時(shí)最好放在主句之后,起補(bǔ)充說明作用。句中must后省略了謂語add interpretation and analysis。